Wednesday, March 30, 2011

Events, about, Teach, Some, Important, Twenties, Roaring
Events
by .m for matthijs

Question by Ikelover:

What are some important events to teach about the roaring twenties?



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I am student teaching in 6th grade. What important events should I teach about the roaring twenties?




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Answer by Arbie
One of the most important (and underrated) presidents was Warren G. Harding. A compromise candidate who even acknowledged that he was not the best for the job, he nevertheless assembled one of the strongest presidential staffs in history, even though he died after 2 years in office. He is, of course, remembered for Albert Fall and the Teapot Dome scandal, as well as for his attorney general, who was not all that enthusiastic about enforcing the Volstead Act (Harding openly admitted that his favorite past time in the White House was drinking whiskey and playing poker).

But, a review of Harding's cabinet and Supreme Court appointments shows that he had a massive effect on the history of the time far beyond what one would expect from a one-term, two-year president. Two Harding appointees (Herbert Hoover and William Dawes) competed for the Nobel Peace Prize during a time when that really meant something (Dawes won). Harding appointed 4 justices, and it was 3 of these 4 (Taft had died) who joined with William Van Devanter (appointed by Wilson) and blocked the First New Deal with decisions like the Sick Chicken and Hot Oil cases and saved the United States from going the way of fascist Italy and maybe even Nazi Germany (you'll need to know something about Weimar Germany's constitution and how Hitler exploited it to follow up this, as well as be familiar with the opinions).

Coolidge, of course, inherited what was left of Harding's presidency and primarily followed in Harding's footsteps.

The other two things you need to focus on are the government's favoritism of Big Business (look up the Webb Pomerene Act) and the financial hanky panky which was happening at the Fed, which sets the stage for the Great Depression. It is beyond the scope of a Yahoo Answer to cover this, but visit the Ludwig von Mises Institute online and read Murray N. Rothbard's America's Great Depression. Some of what he says you have to take with a grain of salt, but he does provide the information on the misconduct which was occurring at the central banks, and especially how banks were able to blow up their deposits to maximum by changing time deposits in to de facto demand deposits.

The other thing you might look into are some of the cultural things which were happening in this time. The Ku Klux Klan rose and fell in the Twenties, spurred by the carryover of Wilson's racism and fueled by movies like Birth of a Nation, until its arrogant leaders became involved in a sex scandal and were sent to prison (perhaps not appropriate for 12th graders -- talk to the principal first re how to handle this). The theme of Harding's campaign was, of course, the "return to normalcy." He pardoned Eugene Debs (after Wilson refused) and basically tried to undo some of the damage the Progressives had done to the country. During this time, there was a lot of reaction against the Great War, and many great writers like Hemingway and the racist Ezra Pound fled the country, only to return near the end of the decade. The Sacco Vanzetti Trial occurred during this time (modern evidence links Sacco's gun to the murder, but Vanzetti well may have been innocent). Also the Scopes Monkey Trial in Tennessee (showing Inherit the Wind with Spencer Tracy perhaps is a good idea). Einstein's general theory is proven in 1919, and he is at the height of his celebrity. There are significant advances in the field of physics which advanced our understanding of atomic theory, culminating in the discovery of the neutron by Chadwick in 1931. Ford has perfected his assembly line and is turning out cars by the thousands, which Americans are buying. The railroads begin to feel the pinch (the zenith of American railroad trackage is in 1916, so railroads already are feeling the pressure). Nevertheless, the railroads are running faster than ever, including the famous cross-country silk trains (which lasted until some Dupont guy invented nylon, and stockings and panties never were the same). Women take their first steps toward "liberation," having won the right to vote and, because of the labor shortage during the war, having taken their first unchaperoned steps outside of a restrictive home environment. There is a strong peace effort among the nations of the world, which have not fully come to grips with the terrible costs of the war. The Portsmouth Naval Treaty limits the size of competing national navies. There even was an effort to repeal Congress' constitutional power to declare war. Lord Keynes writes Economic Consequences of the Peace, a prelude to his General Theory or Employment, Interest, and Money. Von Mises writes The Theory of Money and Credit, laying the foundation for his student, Friedrich Hayek, to explain the causes of business depressions.





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